Modal Verb: Shall-Should
Shall or should have many function which are : its used to express an advice, permission, degree of certainty and to show the future.
The structure :
(+) S + shall/should + main verb
(-) S + shall not/shouldn’t + main verb
(?) Shall/Should + S + main verb
The Function :
1. Express an advice (should)
Should have a function to express an advice the meaning ranges in strength from suggestion to a statement about responsibility or duty.
E.g : You should care about your brother.
It means this is a good idea to care your brother, this is my advice.
2. Express what’s right or correct (should)
Should, also can be used as an expression that express what’s right or correct.
E. g : We should study for next mid-term.
3. Express of liking (should)
In British English and very formal American English, one is apt to hear or read should with the first-person pronouns in expressions of liking such as "I should prefer iced tea" and in tentative expressions of opinion such as
I should imagine they'll vote Conservative.
I should have thought so.
4. Degree of certainty (should)
Should, can be used to express the degree of certainty that occur in future (prediction).
E.g : Our profit should increase next month
Its mean someone predict that the profit will increase next year and the speaker almost sure of what he’s saying. Should express the strong expectation
E.g : I still confuse why she’s not telling me the truth. I should have heard from her last night.
So it means, the past form of should used to mean that the speaker expected something that didn’t occur.
5. Make a polite request (shall)
In the United States, we seldom use shall for anything other than polite questions (suggesting an element of permission) in the first-person:
Shall we go now?
6. Making a suggestion
Shall is used with I or we in a question form, the speaker usually making a suggestion and asking another person if he/she agrees with this suggestion. This use of shall is relatively formal and infrequent.
Shall we start the game at 2.00 p.m? Shall we?
7. Asking what to do
Shall I do that for you?
The structure :
(+) S + shall/should + main verb
(-) S + shall not/shouldn’t + main verb
(?) Shall/Should + S + main verb
The Function :
1. Express an advice (should)
Should have a function to express an advice the meaning ranges in strength from suggestion to a statement about responsibility or duty.
E.g : You should care about your brother.
It means this is a good idea to care your brother, this is my advice.
2. Express what’s right or correct (should)
Should, also can be used as an expression that express what’s right or correct.
E. g : We should study for next mid-term.
3. Express of liking (should)
In British English and very formal American English, one is apt to hear or read should with the first-person pronouns in expressions of liking such as "I should prefer iced tea" and in tentative expressions of opinion such as
I should imagine they'll vote Conservative.
I should have thought so.
4. Degree of certainty (should)
Should, can be used to express the degree of certainty that occur in future (prediction).
E.g : Our profit should increase next month
Its mean someone predict that the profit will increase next year and the speaker almost sure of what he’s saying. Should express the strong expectation
E.g : I still confuse why she’s not telling me the truth. I should have heard from her last night.
So it means, the past form of should used to mean that the speaker expected something that didn’t occur.
5. Make a polite request (shall)
In the United States, we seldom use shall for anything other than polite questions (suggesting an element of permission) in the first-person:
Shall we go now?
6. Making a suggestion
Shall is used with I or we in a question form, the speaker usually making a suggestion and asking another person if he/she agrees with this suggestion. This use of shall is relatively formal and infrequent.
Shall we start the game at 2.00 p.m? Shall we?
7. Asking what to do
Shall I do that for you?
Daftar Pustaka:
ReplyDeleteSchrampfer azar, Betty, Understanding and Using English Grammar, longman; 1998.
http://learningenglish.com
http://englishclub.com
http://ccc.commnet.edu
Chalker, Sylvia and Weiner, Edmund, Oxford Dictionary Of English Grammar, oxford university press; 1994
Riley, Kathryn and Parker, Frank, English Grammar (Prescriptive, Descriptive, Generative, Performance), Allyn bacon; 1998.
Greenbaun, Sydney and Quirk, Randolph, A Student’s Grammar Of The English Language, longman; 1990.